Saturday, February 15, 2014

THE EVOLUTION OF VICTIM BLAMING



Man is a social animal. This statement is something that we would have come across umpteen times without actually understanding how deep and profound it actually is. It is generally taken to mean that human beings cannot live or survive in isolation and they work better in groups. But like all other animals, life is not so simple for us. We do not just get up, forage for food, eat and sleep. We have been blessed (or cursed) with an additional sense that allows us to feel, think and analyze more than our non-civilized counterparts. With the changing world, the dynamics with which man interacts has also changed. Social networking and the presence of internet that connects us to the happenings all over the world has made the world a very small place. An undesirable outcome of this is that it has increases the feeling of vulnerability in man a thousand fold, especially his vulnerability in a criminal event.

It is not that the crime rate has taken a huge leap in comparison to the crime rates in the last few decades, but the knowledge and awareness about the potentiality of the crimes has increased. Imagine a few years back, if an old lady got attacked in her home in a small town in Mumbai, the maximum number of people who would know about it would be the population of Mumbai if the news made it to the papers. But now, it is not the case. A small face book post or a tweet will make it the talk of the day for millions of people. Similarly, before the era of Internet one would have a very small knowledge of crimes happening in the world especially if he/she happens to live in a crime free neighborhood but now Google has taken that safety net away from us. So how do people handle this?? How do they go on with life without letting it get to them?? They attribute.

"When a good man is hurt, all who would be called good must suffer with him."
                                                                                                                                       - Euripides
Attribution is a widely recognized social psychological phenomenon. It is the process of inferring the causes of events and behaviors. Please note that I don’t say understanding but I say “inferring”. What is the difference you ask? While understanding the cause, it is purely a fact based process where one analyses the event without emotional attachment, but while inferring we apply our “senses” and get a feel of the event thus not always entirely being objective in the analysis. Attribution is supposed to be the main phenomenon behind one of the biggest social atrocity known as “blaming the victim” or “victim blaming”.
Victim blaming is not a new thing as far as the world is concerned. It has been associated with the analysis of sexual crimes and domestic violence ever since the 19th century till the rape-shield laws were brought into effect in the early 20th century. It is said to be a result of the two major attitude :  belief in a just world and the need to maintain vulnerability.  

The first time “blaming the victim” was recognized as a prevalent social phenomenon or an attitude was by William Ryan in his book “Blaming the victim” in 1971 which was written as an answer to the Moynihan Report which blames the Black people for their poverty based on their family structure rather than the rule of the Americans over them which resulted in the social disruption and the state of poverty in the black families. Hence, we can safely understand that “victim blaming” is not something new or a twenty-first century phenomenon.

Then why is that it has gained importance in recent times?
Over the past few decades, psychologists and sociologists have been researching the cause of the human tendency to attribute blame on the victims in a criminal situation. They have concluded that it is majorly to avoid vulnerability and also to retain a sense of control over the events that take place in one’s life. It is also observed that the tendency of victim blaming is not born in any individual but is an attitude that is slowly woven into the fabrics of a society’s ideologies and beliefs which later become the yardstick by which one analyses certain events. 

In the last few years, “victim blaming” has taken a seriously ugly turn. Usually in the past this term was used only in the context of victims of very ugly crimes such as rape, domestic violence, racism etc. because these were the crimes that were seen as unpredictable and un-controllable by the people which brought out the fear of vulnerability in them. Hence, they blamed the victims to maintain their conception of a moral and just world where bad things don’t and could not happen to good people. But, if we notice the trend in the last few years, “victim blaming” is everywhere. From small crimes like chain-snatching to the office-sexual-harassment, the society spares no time in putting the victim on trial by asking questions like “What were you doing there at that time of the night?” “How do you dress when you go to office?” “Why would take the subway while carrying cash?” Why is it that we work so hard to maintain the façade that we do live in a just world?
One explanation of this is that the sense of vulnerability has gone up in the society with the world being a smaller place than it used to be and also the lack of privacy increasing the fear of attack in people. We are all busy in the materialistic pursuit our whole lives that we do not have the time to sit down, think with a clear mind and understand a situation. It is too easy to confront the victim than the perpetrator as the perpetrator represents the unknown which we all fear and also want to distance ourselves from.


It is also that the social dynamics have changed such that human interactions have lessened, deep bonds within people even in family are rare and also the capacity to empathize with anybody is now diminishing as we also have become less social and more animal satisfying our primal needs like greed, survival and self-importance.
I do agree that believing in the horrors of the world and acknowledging their strength does seem scary but denial is not the right way to handle it. It does not minimize our vulnerability it only makes feel invulnerable. It also traumatizes the victims when they should be comforted and shown compassion for the fate they have suffered. It is always believed by psychologists that emotional trauma is always difficult to overcome than physical trauma. So, let’s not bequeath it to the victims in a need to satisfy our sense of security and destroy our social environment by making it devoid of humane feelings like empathy and compassion.
Let’s not question the victims because sometimes even they don’t have the answers. It is indeed a sad fact that bad things do happen to good people but they are never responsible for it.
- Wanna-be-Savant 

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